ABSTRACT
In order to rebuild democratic conviction and to make democracy promotion more effective, scholars argue that it is also important to improve the understandings of what should be promoted, and what type of democracy. The chapter proposes a conceptual framework that identifies macro-to-micro and micro-to-macro effect. There are two main factors that prevent the proper development of a strong civil society: culture and authoritarianism. By encouraging greater participation, participant political culture can be built as more people will be willing to be involved in public life and decision-making, and such type of political culture is a proper one for democracies. In mature democracies, there is a vast range of institutionalized arrangements for young people, such as student councils, youth wings of political parties and other organizations that are networked nationally and at the European level. The effectiveness in diffusing liberal democracy norms and helping them to be localized in recipient societies increases with bypass democracy assistance because of social networks.
