ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on changes in outer aspect, in particular perfective and imperfective marking, by examining the use of auxiliaries and present and past participles. It argues at outer aspect in Modern English and in older stages in general. The demise of overt perfective marking is sketched, and the introduction of progressive marking. Having shown that languages differ in the outer aspect that they use, the chapter turns to the specific changes in perfective aspect in the next section. Relating the changes in have to the Perfective Cycle, we can see that the developments from to follow this cycle. The chapter investigates the connection between outer and inner aspect and has found, in the passage from the year 1100, that the outer aspect mainly reinforces inner aspect. It shows that, in the infrequent changes of inner aspect, outer aspect is not very important.
