ABSTRACT
A scientific approach to knowledge is different from a layperson's approach to knowledge. A layperson's approach is typically subjective and based on intuition and everyday observations, whereas a scientific approach to knowledge is based on systematic observation and direct experimentation. A scientific approach relies on scientific methodology that incorporates the techniques of random sampling, choice of research designs, and a thorough understanding of probability theory and hypothesis testing. Sampling is important in social science research because it helps a researcher to generalize results obtained from a specific sample to the population of interest. When conducting quantitative research, the most common research designs employed can be broadly classified into two types: between-groups design and correlational design. The between-groups design can be further classified into the univariate approach and the multivariate approach. The univariate approach is one in which the research design involves only one dependent variable.
