ABSTRACT
Technologies have principally been improvements in electric steelmaking, and include innovations in refractories and steel refining, innovations in raw materials such as directly reduced iron ore and greater levels of plant expansions through larger machinery. After Independence, technologies were imported from UK, Germany and the USSR to set up integrated steel plants. Interestingly, most episodes in technological progress took place during the 1980s and the 1990s in response to the growth in the steel markets in India, and not really due to the economic liberalization. The Iron and Steel Sector Skills Council, set up under the suggestions of the National Skills Mission, once again, uses different kinds of skills needed in the steel industry discreetly. It is possible to view the Chinese incursions in terms of innovations as well; China has evolved in the manufacture of steel in leaps and bounds, although it has yet to be able to master electrical steelmaking.
