ABSTRACT

Cancer is a genomic disease with complex mechanisms which is hard to be understood, where the cells in a particular tissue change uncharacteristically, become less specialized, and do not respond to the signals generated inside the tissue that controls cellular differentiation, proliferation, survival, and finally cell death. Cancer is mainly managed through any one of the following treatment modalities like surgery, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or their combinations. Chemotherapy, the most common treatment strategy, uses drugs to either stop or slow down the growth of cancer cells or kill them. Existing marketed anticancer chemotherapeutic agents suffer from a broad range of issues associated with their efficacy and safety profile. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutics primarily affect the cells that are rapidly proliferating, mostly sparing the cancer cells that are in the resting phase. Drugs that inhibit the spread of cancer to secondary sites by affecting any of the above features of metastatic dissemination will be broadly useful.