ABSTRACT
This chapter looks exclusively at the main changes produced by the Adapted Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty and the other measures that accompanied it in the form of the 1999 Vienna Document and the Charter for European Security. It shows how the advances made were relatively modest and even signature of the most significant agreement – the Adapted CFE Treaty – was overshadowed by the ongoing war in Chechnya. The Charter was the third of the agreements at the Istanbul Summit with military security implications. The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) experienced great problems in establishing the Kosovo Verification Mission (KVM) during 1998–99 where it could not recruit, train and deploy adequately skilled staff sufficiently quickly. In the agreement of the measures signed at Istanbul detecting the effect of any 'epistemic effect' has been very difficult.
