ABSTRACT
William McDougall had discussed several levels of moral sanctions. His outline is rather vague and has to be read against the background of his general psychological theories, but he does make two things clear. He is quite precise in his definition of the moral controls which dominate at each of the several levels of development. Literature abounds with illustrations of this morality, where courageous men set their face against social disapproval and painful consequences in order to do what they deem to be right. In that year D. Kennedy-Fraser published his book, The Psychology of Education, in which he applied McDougall's theory of moral development to the problem of school discipline. In her research, Beatrice swainson also dealt with moral sanctions, but reference to them has been deferred until now because it is more appropriate. At the level of prudential morality it is the fear of natural and perhaps painful consequences which controls moral behaviour.
