ABSTRACT
Sub-marine engineering has many of the same design challenges as the outer-space colonies: intense pressure from the water, cold temperatures, minimal light, and issues relating to the production of food and the disposal of waste are just some of the hurdles to overcome. Storm surges and rising sea levels are inevitable and communities adjacent to shorelines or situated on flood plains are going to have to rethink development and devise new design strategies that work with and/or become resilient to water. Reclaiming brownfields, reusing existing sites or structures, infill development, bridging between structures, and constructing on or under water and in outer space represent options that can meet society's spatial needs without sacrificing more land on the earth's surface. The winning designs consist of a wide range of water-resistive and adaptive concepts, including berms to shield and absorb storm surges, green infrastructure for stormwater management, water pumps and drainage channels, building retrofits, constructed wetlands, riparian buffers, and river corridor improvements.
