ABSTRACT
South Africa is a useful case study for the analysis of European Foreign and Security Policy for two reasons. First, as with the Middle East, the EC/EU's relationship with South Africa spanned the history of European Foreign and Security Policy's development and, second, policy towards South Africa provides the most vivid illustration of the evolutionary linkage between external political aims and economic means. For the Netherlands, Denmark and Ireland, policy towards South Africa was a test of the process' strength. At the summit, Denmark and Ireland steadfastly fought back demands that sanctions be further relaxed until the 'irreversibility' of the reforms had been proven. An EPC declaration issued on 23 July demanded an immediate end to the State of Emergency, the release of political prisoners and the end of legislation underpinning apartheid. In Denmark, official attitudes moved ahead of those in parliament.
