ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that Berlin's attribution to positive freedom that only virtuous people are free does not apply to Kant because he links freedom, morality and rationality not in the narrow sense, but in an inclusive sense. This will add new insights about the meaning of rational self-determination and its relation to freedom. Nevertheless, Kant's views imply an unbridgeable gap between the possibility of rational self-determination and rational selfdetermination as an ideal because he divorces morality from politics. The chapter demonstrates that Kant equates freedom with rationality and morality in their inclusive senses. It argues that Kant's respect principle extends the notion of harm by including cases of degradation, exploitation and degrading work conditions as instances of harm. The separation of morality from politics makes Kant's theory of freedom immune to the liberal charge that any positive conception of freedom would involve a 'paternalistic' state.
