ABSTRACT
This chapter moves into a more overtly clinical domain, since attention is directed towards the clinical issues of organ donation and transplantation. However, even these will be looked at through the eyes of those whose main interest is in the human cadaver, rather than the living recipient in need of a transplant. Some European countries have witnessed actual reductions in organ donations in the 1990s. The presumed consent policy operates in many countries including Belgium, Austria, Denmark, Switzerland, Israel, Singapore and in some states in the United States. There are intermediate positions between the opt-in and opt-out schemes, that is, between altruistic, voluntary donation on the one hand, and presumed consent on the other. A central issue in considering fetal neural transplantation is the status given to the human fetus. The first model to reflect on is that of the donation of gametes by adult women to others in vitro fertilization programmes.
