I engage as much in dialogue as monologue

This chapter helps to explain how significant factors "classroom discussion," "peer tutoring," and "small-group learning" are. It also helps to explain what role cooperative learning can play. The chapter explains why direct instruction is important – and different from didactic instruction. It also explains why the factor "class size" is a myth within context of the mindframe "I engage as much in dialogue as monologue." "Classroom discussion" is one of the factors that was added with the expansion of the database between the publication of Visible Learning and Visible Learning for Teachers. The challenging task faced by teacher of first initiating dialogic processes in school and instruction and then making them successful may be illustrated by the factor "small-group learning." The factor "cooperative learning" merits special consideration, because learning together might be expected to foster the mindframe "I engage in as much dialogue as monologue." Studies have demonstrated that the effect size of cooperative learning increases as learners get older.