ABSTRACT
Petri nets were first used to model state-discrete systems in Petri (1962) and are increasingly used for realistic modelling in production technology and reliability engineering. For example, Jiang et al. (1999) used object-oriented Petri nets to model production systems with changeable structures. Bobbio et al. (2003) used high-level Petri net to model Parametric Fault Tree for analysing the dependability in redundant systems. The high-level
1 INTRODUCTION
Redundant systems are widely used, e.g. in safetyrelated systems like aircraft, to prevent the possible failures of entire systems and the subsequently caused large losses and damages. In industry, redundant production systems can be used not only to reduce risks and losses, but also to increase reliability, availability, and productivity, which are crucial parameters for the objective characterization of the performance level of production systems.
