ABSTRACT
F eedback is a general term used to describe the information a learner receives about his or her own performance of a movement or skill. That information can be available from both internal (intrinsic) and external (augmented) sources (see Figure 11.1). Intrinsic feedback is response-produced information that is available to learners through their sensory systems both during and as a consequence of performance; this includes vision, hearing, proprioception, and touch. Examples include a pitcher watching the fl ight of the ball after releasing it and a gymnast on a balance beam sensing that she is losing her balance. Augmented feedback is information received from an external source that supplements the learner’s own sensory information. Examples of augmented feedback include a practitioner’s comments; a video replay of the learner executing a skill; and the distance, time, or score resulting from one’s performance as posted by an offi cial. Generally, augmented information is presented to the learner after the movement is completed and is therefore labeled terminal feedback. On occasion, however,
augmented feedback is provided during the execution of a skill. It is then termed concurrent feedback. When a coach yells out split times for a runner during a race, or a therapist reminds a patient to keep a good pelvic tilt during an exercise, this feedback is augmented and concurrent.
