How do mechanisms for behaviour change in addiction recovery apply to desistance from offending?

While there is a growing evidence base about recovery (and desistance), much of the evidence comes from the US, with the remainder primarily from the rest of the English-speaking world. This chapter describes a comparative study that examines pathways to recovery (with a particular focus on gender differences) in Scotland, England, Netherlands and Belgium. The study examines the perceived effectiveness of different types of peer-based support and professional help, but also examines the impact of policy and structural issues in help. The chapter contributes to a growing conceptual framework for understanding the mechanisms of recovery behaviour change, and looks at the role of multiple interventions as candidate tipping points in addiction and recovery careers.