ABSTRACT
In order to answer the question whether the establishment of European citizenship helped to develop a European identity, both treaty provisions concerning the European citizenship and public opinion attitudes towards European identity have to be taken into account. The distinction between the formal meaning of citizenship as established in the Treaty of Maastricht on the European Union (TEU) and recalled by the Treaty of Amsterdam, and the attitudes of the Europeans is useful as it results from the Eurobarometer (EB) data on whether European public opinion is aware of the attempts to bring the European Union (EU) closer to the citizens.
