ABSTRACT
The more or less universal baptismal rite with local variants throughout the West, together with the scholastic methods of theology, were brought to an abrupt end in the sixteenth century with the Reformation. The Reformers challenged much in the inherited ritual, and some of the prevailing theology on baptism, though of course the Reformers differed amongst themselves as to the nature and extent of change needed in both. In Germany the Reformation was sparked by the Wittenberg professor, Martin Luther. Many of the more recent Luther studies have been concerned with a developmental approach, and have tended to trace the growth and change in his theology from his early works through to his more mature writings. Three phases are helpful in considering his baptismal theology: the Young (pre-1519) Luther, the Reformation or anti-Roman Luther, and the Mature or anti-Enthusiasts Luther.
