ABSTRACT
Armstrong (1990) defined leadership in terms of getting things done through people. He suggests that leadership happens ‘when there is an objective to be achieved, or a task to be carried out, and when more than one person is needed to do it. All managers are by definition leaders in that they can only do what they have to do with the support of their team, who must be inspired or persuaded to follow them. Leadership is therefore about encouraging and inspiring individuals and teams to give their best to achieve a desired result. Leadership is required because someone has to point the way and ... ensure that everyone concerned gets there. Organizational effectiveness depends on the quality of leadership’ (p i65).
