ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes how European governments have reacted to the structural changes in international space activities, and what the consequences of the responses were. It focuses on the process of convergence of national policy logics at the European level, and the way in which European governments incorporated new concepts into the European policy-making institutions. The chapter discusses the two important changes during the 1990s: European participation in International Space Station programs; and industrial restructuring and the question of European consolidation as opposed to the concept of 'national champions'. It looks at nature of and driving forces behind the changes of policy logics and European institutions. Throughout the history of European space collaboration, Spain had always been the beneficiary of the principle of juste retour. Spanish industry was quite immature at the beginning of European space history, but it gradually developed thanks to the juste retour distribution of contracts.
