Physiology of Flying: Effects and Consequences of the Cabin Environment

Among the physical and environmental factors to which air travellers are exposed, are the following, each of which will be considered in turn:

• reduced atmospheric pressure; • reduced oxygen pressure; • reduced air humidity; • a perception of reduced air quality; • aircraft motion; • movement restriction/confined space; • fluid shifts and dehydration; • effects of alcohol; • fatigue/sleep loss; • effects of medication;

interplay with stress, anxiety and psychosocial environment.