ABSTRACT
At the end of the nineteenth century, England was highly respected abroad for its housing programmes and housing designs. Lord Leverhulme’s Port Sunlight estate for his workforce on the Wirral, Norman Shaw’s Domestic Revival houses in Bedford Park, London, and Cadbury’s Arts and Crafts housing in Bournville, Birmingham, were soon to be followed by the rst Garden City in Letchworth and by Garden Suburbs up and down the country (Jensen 2007). High praise was given to English middle-class homes by the Prussian envoy, Hermann Muthesius, who in 1904 published Das Englische Haus giving an exhaustive survey of the Domestic Revival (Muthesius 1904). An English translation did not appear before 1979. Muthesius was instrumental in the formation of the German Werkbund, the equivalent of the British Design and Industries Association (DIA). The Werkbund was to have a major inuence on the early careers of Modernists such as Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier.
