ABSTRACT
Small hydro power stations may vary over a very wide range of ratings such as from low to high head, and from small to very large discharge. Consequently, turbines designed to operate in these small hydro stations must cover a wide range of specifications although the quantity required in each category may not be very large. Therefore, such turbines belong to the kind of product that is varied in rating and small in production batches. For this reason, government agencies and manufacturers in many countries have standardized the construction of small turbines into a number of design series typified by simplification of construction, standardization and interchangeability of parts, with the aim of reducing production costs and facilitating the building of small hydro plants.
