ABSTRACT
Whatthenarethedominantcodesofmasculinitythatareevidentinthe nineteenthcentury?AsbothJamesEliAdamsandHerbertSussman emphasise,itisanidealstructuredaroundacontrollingmetaphorofdiscipline.
FriedrichNietzscheclaimsthat'whatpassesfortruthineveryage'is nothingbut'amobilearmyofmetaphors':
IdealsofVictorianmanhoodexertedpower,notnecessarilybyrepressing individualsbutbyconstructinga'knowledge'and'truth'ofwhatitmeantto beaman.Thehegemonictruthaboutmanlinessinthenineteenthcentury wasestablishedthroughmetaphorsofcontrol,reserve,anddiscipline,that wereplacedinoppositiontoimagesofchaos,excess,anddisorder.Theidea ofmasculinitythatpulsatesattheheartofmanyVictoriantextsisevidenced throughthisrelationshipbetweenopposedmetaphorsofmanliness;metaphors thatbecameinthenineteenthcentury'fixed,canonicandbinding.'
