ABSTRACT
Expressions used in the uniquely referring way are never either logically proper names or descriptions, if what is meant by calling them 'descriptions' is that they are to be analysed in accordance with the model provided by Russell's Theory of Descriptions. This chapter refers to an expression which has a uniquely referring use as 'an expression' for short; and to a sentence beginning with such an expression as 'a sentence' for short. The source of Russell's mistake was that he thought that referring to mentioning, if it occurred at all, must be meaning. The contextual requirement for the referring use of pronouns may be stated with the greatest precision in some cases and only with the greatest vagueness in others. Conventions for referring have been neglected or misinterpreted by logicians. Of ordinary proper names it is sometimes said that they are essentially words each of which is used to refer to just one individual.
