ABSTRACT
Current research in the natural sciences is predominantly empirical. Minor and major advancements often involve the discovery of new materials and processes. Discoveries enable scientists to systematically observe and reproduce otherwise indiscernible effects of theoretical and practical value. Concepts and theories are rigorously defined by means of sophisticated observations and experiments. Procedures of empirical research are routinely applied in assessing the value of concepts and theories as tools in basic and applied research. For these reasons, in many research fields empirical work provides the necessary setting for the exchange of information between research workers. It is also widely considered to be an indispensable context of scientific education and training.
