ABSTRACT

The negative impact of traffic, such as noise, chemical emissions, accidents, or waste of time in congestion, is largely recognized as a problem. On the other hand, simple solutions are not possible: traffic is connected too much to the economic performance of a region and to the personal preferences of individuals living in the region. In addition, decisions on regional development, such as on infrastructure or on zoning laws, have a slow reaction time and a long life time: a freeway system or a train system takes a significant amount of time to build, and they will last for many decades.