ABSTRACT
This chapter has three parts. The first describes specific conclusions that stem from material in chapters 2 through 16. The second part discusses some general points which cut across all chapters. For example, this includes the role of an entrepreneurial political elite in increasing the tempo of nationalistic fervour and development when national citizenship, ethnic characteristics, 'enemies', the 'chosen', and identity are defined in rather specific exclusionary and inclusive terms in both the older and younger nation-states of Western, Central, and Eastern Europe. The third part contains a few additional and concluding remarks.
Specific Conclusions and Summary Comments
