ABSTRACT
Socialism as a political system imposed limitations on life overall and thus also on scholarly research. While individual anthropologists throughout the world promoted the foundation of the ethnology or anthropology of Socialism, in Croatia ethnologists were more inclined to the idea of an anthropology or ethnology of war. This chapter talks about ethnology in former Communist countries were positively intoned. There is no question that they presented certain valuable information. Croatian ethnology showed great wariness of research into national symbols of traditional culture or into the cultural and/or ethnic and national differences. One of the rare areas of public activity in which Croatian ethnologists did engage over the past period has been in the application of folklore. This related to amateur activities and the teaching of folklore, and also to folklore festivals. Modern research into mentality is the grey area of Croatian ethnology.
