ABSTRACT
Decision-takingoccursatalllevelswithinhealthsystems:frommacro decisionsabouthealthpolicy(suchasorganizingthefinancingandprovision ofcare)throughresourceallocationtoregionalandlocalservices,rightdown todecisionsoverspecificinterventionsforindividualpatients.Atwhatever leveldecisionsaretaken,thedecision-takerisrarely,ifever,infullpossession ofallthefacts.Mostdecisionsaretakenagainstabackgroundofincomplete andimperfectinformationcompoundedbyuncertainty.Rapidescalationof technologicalsophisticationandincreasedorganizationalcomplexityfurther complicatedecision-takinginmodernhealthservices.
