ABSTRACT
Flying exposes its participants to unusual and potentially hazardous conditions that can be parcelled into three categories. The first is the airspeed, altitude and load factor that the aircraft can attain; its flight envelope. This dictates what artificial conditions and protection are needed to keep the aircrew physiologically healthy. The second category encompasses predictable circumstances that arise during a flight that can over-stretch the expectable abilities of the crew and lead to an accident. The third are the deliberate life-threatening actions of an enemy.
