ABSTRACT
In 1989, Air Canada began three-day workshops designed to increase its crew's awareness of the impact Crew Resource Management (CRM) has on flight safety. These three-day workshops, however, were clearly insufficient to implement lasting change. Air Canada's management recognized the need to reinforce the concepts explored in these workshops so Capt. W. MacLellan, Vice President ofFlight Operations, tasked Captain Nonn Dowd to research the programs that other airlines and the academic cmrummity were currently undertaking to reinforce tllis valuable training. After attending seventeen human factors conferences and seminars worldwide, and visiting several airlines, Dowd concluded tl1at Line Orientated Flight Training (LOFT) in the simulator was tl1e most effective method of continuing CRM traitling. This would provide a needed-opportunity for crews to practice and receive feedback in Crew Resource Management.
