ABSTRACT
Theissueofculturaldifferencesandhowthesehaveimpactonflightcrew behaviour,andhencenon-technicalskills(NTS),isfundamentaltotheJAR-TEL project.Ithasbeenwidelyreportedthatculturecanhaveinfluencesonpilot behaviourandattitudes(Helmreich&Merritt,1998;Johnston,1993;Maurino, 1994;Meshkati,1996;Phelan,1994).CRM-trainingprogrammesdevelopedinone countryhaveoftenproventobelesseffectivewhenbeingexportedtoanother culture(Yamamori,1987).Whiledifficulttoidentify,culturalfactorsare consideredtohaveanimportantinfluenceonpilotbehaviour;indeedMeshkati (1996)believesthat'operators'culturallydrivenhabitsareamorepotent predictorofbehaviourthantheirintentions'(p.17),andhencetheyneedtobe accountedforduringtheassessmentofanytoolfortheevaluationofpilotskills. Therefore,withintheJAR-TELprojecttheNOTECHSmethodologywastestedfor robustness,practicabilityandsensitivityinanumberofdifferentcultural environmentsinEurope.Theresultsonpracticabilityandsensitivityhavebeen describedinthepreviouschapterbyPaulO'Connor.Thischapterwillfocusonthe analysesregardingculturaleffectsoninstructorpilots'internalstandardsof assessingNTSofotherflightcrewmembers.
