ABSTRACT
ImprovedVersionofExample8.1.1 Becausewedidnothavetheresourcestomakedirectobservationsandratingsof cheerfulnessovertimeinavarietyofsettings,weconstructedaself-reportmeasureofcheerfulness.Itwasnecessarytoassumethattheparticipantswerehonest inself-reportingtheirtypicallevelsofcheerfulness.Toencouragehonestresponses,thecheerfulnessscalewasadministeredanonymously,andthepartici-
pantswereencouragedtobeopenandhonestbytheresearchassistantwhoadministeredthesurvey.
