ABSTRACT
This chapter provides guidance to designers, specifiers and contractors, through investigation of technical design details and specifications, to help ensure that the completed project matches the expectations in terms of trees growing independently in the urban environment. It looks at methods to achieve increased root volumes using structural media and other load-bearing materials. Perhaps, for particular locations where appropriate space is not possible, a short-term tree replacement policy can be adopted, rather than a longer-term establishment to maturity approach. The main systems for landscaping and tree planting are the National Plant Specification, the National Building Specification or the Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works: Specification for Highway Works. Items of work identified within the drawings and specifications are recorded within a bill of quantities prepared by the client or their consultant. Standards are documents that provide requirements, specifications, guidelines and qualities that can be used consistently to ensure that products, materials, processes and services are fit for purpose.
