ABSTRACT
The modern treatment of juveniles had its rise in the Industrial Revolution beginning in the late 19th century. This chapter uses a standardized measure of program quality in an attempt to delve into the "black box" of treatment and to obtain a better understanding of why therapeutic communities are successful in reducing recidivism. The current trends in juvenile justice appear to be de-institutionalizing juvenile offenders, reentry practices that allow juveniles to stay closer to home, and holding youth accountable while preventing recidivism. Furthermore, since the goal of the juvenile justice system was rehabilitation through individualized treatment, the juvenile justice system swept away all due process rights. In the area of juvenile justice, liberals began to call for ways in which juveniles could be protected from the abusive powers of the state. The themes of justice have led the way for the justice system to become more punitive with regard to juveniles.
