ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a case study of a 33-year-old lady who is presented to the Emergency Department with a distended abdomen and feeling breathless. This patient has ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). OHSS is an iatrogenic complication of fertility treatment with exogenous gonadotrophins to promote oocyte formation. Patients with OHSS present with abdominal bloating secondary to ovarian enlargement, later followed by accumulation of abdominal ascites. Physical examination should include body weight and abdominal girth at the umbilicus. The patient should be assessed for the presence of ascites, pleural effusion and thrombosis in the form of a pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Appropriate analgesia and anti-emetics should be provided for these women, avoiding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. This patient should be admitted for inpatient management of OHSS. Women and their partners should be counselled that the management is mainly supportive until it resolves spontaneously.
