ABSTRACT
Another area in which the Cold War led to the emergence of technoscience by erasing the boundaries between science and technology was the space race. In a controversial program labeled Operation Paperclip, more than 115 German rocket scientists and engineers, including von Braun, were allowed to avoid prosecution as war criminals and emigrate to United States to form the core of the US space program. With it being made independent in 1947, the US Air Force was given control over the development of strategic missiles while the Army was assigned the development of tactical missiles. In the immediate postwar years Air Force planners began to realize that missiles might have a military role in addition to delivering weapons. The space race began in 1957 during what was labeled the International Geophysical Year (IGY). As the IGY approached, each of three major branches of the US military had a missile in development that might serve to launch a satellite into space.
