ABSTRACT
The various definitions of de-radicalisation confirm the contested nature of de-radicalisation as highlighted in the literature. This chapter reviews nine conceptual pillars constituting the framework of de-radicalisation according to semi-structured interviewees of the author. De-radicalisation is thus comprised conceptually of the following: Cognitive change, Behavioural change, Process/journey of change experienced by the individual, Programmes of interventions, Expertise and knowledge, Political remit, Young people, Radicalisation and Individual-level interventions. The confusion of de-radicalisation is exemplified by the importation of the ideas, theories and language of radicalisation, which had predated the emergence of de-radicalisation as a policy in 2011. De-radicalisation in the ME and SEA was concerned with terrorism and not radicalisation. However, in contrast to the ME and SEA, the UK conceptualised the 'new security threat' posed by transnational terrorism in the register of 'radicalisation', with the UK government sponsoring the codification of radicalisation as a body of knowledge to accompany its move towards preventative approaches in counter-terrorism.
