ABSTRACT
Telecommunications systems are primarily involved with sending information back and forth. They may be interested in connectivity between a sender and a receiver, access to applications, information throughput, or information security. These systems are more than just physical components; they also have software components in them. Mass and energy models do not fit these systems as well, since the modeling needs to capture the information flow of the system. These systems scale almost infinitely and are made of many, relatively similar components. Determining the system boundary is a challenge. In many ways, these systems are digital environments and have many unique features.
