ABSTRACT
The economic structure of India underwent a drastic change with the establishment of the British rule. The colonial economic policies were designed to serve the interests of the British at the cost of Indian economy. India was integrated into world capitalist economy, but in a subordinate colonial position. The colonial policies led to the decline of indigenous industries and made artisans jobless. The handloom industry of Tamil Nadu was one of the most important indigenous industries which suffered under colonial rule. The industry was popular for its quality products and exported cloth to various parts of the world. The decline of the industry had a great impact on the growing nationalist consciousness. This chapter surveys the condition of the handloom industry in Tamil Nadu during the pre-colonial era, its subsequent decline under colonial rule and how it formed an agenda in the anti-colonial struggle.
