ABSTRACT
The killing of Patrice Lumumba, the newly elected prime minister of the Congo and its first independent leader in 1961, with the complicity and involvement of the United States and its Central Intelligence Agency, took
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 131 The Extractive Industry in sub-Saharan Africa .............................................. 131 Corruption and Procurement Fraud in African Extraction Industries ...... 133 Understanding Corruption and Procurement Matters in the Extraction Industries .............................................................................. 135 Anti-Corruption Discourse, Practice, and Assumptions .............................. 140 The Cases of Turkana and Mtwara ................................................................... 142 References ............................................................................................................ 149 Reports ................................................................................................................. 150
place against the backdrop of fear about the control of precious natural resources (Nzongola-Ntalaja 2011). This occurred against a history of Belgian colonial rule, one of the most brutal and genocidal regimes witnessed on the African continent, that resulted in the killing of 10 million Congolese over a period of around 20 years in the ruthless, inhuman exploitation of people to access the valuable resources found in this naturally blessed part of Africa (Ankomah 1999).
