ABSTRACT
Organizations pursue intelligence. In that pursuit, they process information, formulate
plans and aspirations, interpret environments, generate strategies and decisions, monitor
experiences and learn from them, and imitate others as they do the same. Organizations
seek to serve their interests and conceptions of self, imposing coherence when they can
and exploiting the advantages of confusion, chaos, and ambiguity when the opportunity
arises. These efforts are disciplined by the presence of other organizations that, in similar
pursuit of their own interests and self-conceptions, provides elements of competition and
objects for emulation.
