ABSTRACT
Career assessment has been a large component of what constituted career counseling. In 1917, there was an early impetus for the development of the field of career counseling, and the need to assess large numbers of individuals for jobs in the armed services. Initially, the focus was on matching individuals with job characteristics and only later, in 1940, did some of the focus shift to the development of self-understanding. Careerassessment tools and instruments are based on career-development theories, which for the most part have originated with, been developed for, and normed on White middle-class, college-educated males (Myers, Haggin, & Speight, 1994; Subich, 1989; Ward & Bingham, 1993).
