ABSTRACT

This book describes all of the important factors that cause some students to have low reading achievement and others to have high reading achievement. It concentrates on the main factors that influence how much a student gains in reading achievement during a year of school, or a calendar year. An attempt is made to answer the following questions: what can educators do to increase reading achievement, and what is beyond their influence?

The author is directly concerned with achievement associated with normal or typical reading. The focus of the book is on things teachers can do during an entire school year that are likely to improve the reading level and reading rate of students, which in turn, will increase their reading achievement. This effort to specify the most important causes of high and low reading achievement represents an integration of two disciplines of scientific psychology--experimental psychology and psychometrics.

A glossary at the end of the book contains definitions of terms and concepts. Helpful appendices explain rauding theory, the three laws of rauding theory, and the equations that can be used to predict the accuracy of reading comprehension, provide conversions among units of rauding rate, and list the numbered equations presented in the book.

part |2 pages

PART I. THE FIRST PART

chapter 1|21 pages

THE CAUSAL MODEL

chapter 2|21 pages

CONTEXT FOR THE CAUSAL MODEL

part |2 pages

PART II. THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS

chapter 3|14 pages

EFFICIENCY LEVEL, EL

chapter 4|14 pages

ACCURACY LEVEL, AL

chapter 5|15 pages

RateLevel, RL

chapter 6|9 pages

VERBAL KNOWLEDGE LEVEL, VL

chapter 7|14 pages

PRONUNCIATION KNOWLEDGE LEVEL, PL

chapter 8|14 pages

COGNITIVE SPEED LEVEL, Cs

part |2 pages

PART III. THE PROXIMAL CAUSES

chapter 9|11 pages

TWO CAUSES OF EFFICIENCY LEVEL

chapter 10|13 pages

TWO CAUSES OF ACCURACY LEVEL

chapter 11|10 pages

TWO CAUSES OF RATE LEVEL

chapter 12|12 pages

TWO CAUSES OF VERBAL LEVEL

chapter 13|17 pages

TWO CAUSES OF PRONUNCIATION LEVEL

chapter 14|9 pages

TWO CAUSES OF COGNITIVE SPEED LEVEL

part |2 pages

PART IV. GENERAL RESEARCH EVIDENCE

chapter 15|12 pages

LOWER-GRADE READERS

chapter 16|10 pages

MIDDLE-GRADE READERS

chapter 17|14 pages

ADULT READERS

part |2 pages

PART V. DISABLED READERS

chapter 18|17 pages

THE RAUDING DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM

chapter 19|19 pages

RESEARCH ON DYSLEXIA AND DISABILITIES

part |2 pages

PART VI. THREE NON-CAUSAL FACTORS

chapter 20|19 pages

INTELLIGENCE AND READING

chapter 21|13 pages

VOLUME OF READING

chapter 22|18 pages

WHOLE-LANGUAGE APPROACH

part |2 pages

PART VII. THE LAST PART

chapter 23|24 pages

THE RAUDING APPROACH

chapter 24|24 pages

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS