ABSTRACT
Anesthesia is characterized by complex interactions between physiological systems with largely unknown cause-effect relations and extremely tight time pressure. Information available during anesthesia concerning the changes in patient's state is inadequate and often contradictory (Severing haus & Kelleher, 1992), increasing the uncertainty owing to complexity (Gaba, Maxwell, & DeAnda, 1987). Application of formal knowledge based on statistical inferences in obscure practical situations leaves the particular case open to alternative interpretations. Interpretation and judgment in deed play a central role in this activity.
