ABSTRACT

Developmental dyslexia refers to a group of children who fail to learn to read at the normal rate despite apparently normal vision and neurological functioning. Dyslexic children typically manifest problems in printed word recognition and spelling, and difficulties in phonological processing are quite common (Lyon, 1995; Rack, Snowling, & Olson, 1992; Stanovich, 1988; Wagner & Torgesen, 1987). The phonological processing problems include, but are not limited to, difficulties in pronouncing nonsense words, poor phonemic awareness, problems in representing phonological information in short-term memory, and difficulty in rapidly retrieving the names of familiar objects, digits, and letters (Stanovich, 1988; Wagner & Torgesen, 1987; Wolf & Bowers, 1999).