ABSTRACT
Ultrasonographic screening is indicated in two general groups of infants: those with cutaneous markers that place them at risk for dysraphism and those with syndromes that are associated with an increased incidence of dysraphism, including vertebral defects, cardiac anomalies, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb dysplasia associations. In general, associated symptoms such as bowel and bladder dysfunction and gait disorders become apparent when ultrasonographic evaluation is no longer an option.
