ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Children with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are older than children with hepatoblastoma and usually present with an abdominal mass or an enlarging abdomen. The peak age for HCC is 12 to 15 years. Presenting symptoms may also include pain, constitutional symptoms, and jaundice. Laboratory evaluation may demonstrate elevated transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, α-fetoprotein and bilirubin. HCC in childhood has been associated with
TABLE 1 ■ Longitudinal Dimensions of Right Lobe of Liver vs. Height and Age
48-64 1-3 48 82 40 90 54-73 4-6 53 86 45 95 65-78 7-9 70 90 60 100 71-92 12-30 68 98 65 105 85-109 36-59 63 105 65 115 100-130 60-83 77 124 70 125 110-131 84-107 90 123 75 130 124-149 108-131 83 128 75 135 137-153 132-155 95 136 85 140 143-168 156-179 94 136 85 140 152-175 180-200 104 139 95 145
Subjects Longitudinal dimensions (mm) of right lobe of the liver
Body height Age range Percentile Suggested limits of normal
(cm) (mo) 5th 95th Lowermost Uppermost
48-64 1-3 40 65 30 70 54-73 4-6 47 67 40 75 65-78 7-9 53 74 45 80 71-92 12-30 55 82 50 85 85-109 36-59 61 88 55 95 100-130 60-83 70 100 60 105 110-131 84-107 69 100 65 105 124-149 108-131 70 100 65 110 137-153 132-155 81 108 75 115 143-168 156-179 85 118 80 120 152-175 180-200 88 115 85 120
TABLE 2 ■ Longitudinal Dimensions of Spleen vs. Height and Age
Subjects Longitudinal dimensions (mm) of right lobe of the liver
Body height Age range Percentile Suggested limits of normal
(cm) (mo) 5th 95th Lowermost Uppermost
hepatitis B exposure, hereditary tyrosinemia, biliary cirrhosis, methotrexate therapy, type I glycogen storage disease, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, cystinosis, Wilson’s disease, giant-cell hepatitis, androgenic anabolic steroid therapy, neurofibromatosis, ataxia-telangiectasia, and familial polyposis. The fibrolamellar type of HCC is more commonly seen in children than in adults; it carries a better patient prognosis than the more typical HCC.
