ABSTRACT
Force of a Cell ............................................................................. 544
15.3.3 The Standard Hydrogen Electrode .............................................. 544
15.4 Pourbaix Diagrams .................................................................................... 547
15.4.1 The Stability of Water ................................................................. 547
15.4.2 Pourbaix Diagram for Copper ..................................................... 550
15.5 Summary.................................................................................................... 554
References............................................................................................................. 556
Many of the processes that sustain life combine chemical change with electrical
exchanges. This complex combination of influences may degrade materials in
corrosion, or may be used to refine them, as in the electrolysis of aluminum,
titanium, copper, and other metals, and in the preparation of ceramic powders and
polymer blends. The subset of science that deals with phenomena that combine
chemical and electrical effects, electrochemistry, is exceedingly broad.
