ABSTRACT
CONTENTS 13.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 337 13.2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand ...................................................................................... 338
13.2.1 Dilution Method................................................................................................ 339 13.2.2 Instrumental Methods...................................................................................... 339
13.2.2.1 Respirometric Methods................................................................... 340 13.2.2.2 Biosensors.......................................................................................... 340 13.2.2.3 Other Methods ................................................................................. 340
13.3 Chemical Oxygen Demand ........................................................................................... 342 13.3.1 Classic (Opened Reflux) Method ................................................................... 343 13.3.2 Semimicro (Closed Reflux) Method .............................................................. 343 13.3.3 Other Discontinuous Methods ....................................................................... 344 13.3.4 Methods Based on Flow Injection Analysis ................................................. 346
13.4 Total Organic Carbon..................................................................................................... 349 13.4.1 High-Temperature Combustion Methods .................................................... 350 13.4.2 Other Methods .................................................................................................. 351
13.5 Total Organic Halide...................................................................................................... 353 13.5.1 Adsorption-Pyrolysis-Titrimetric Method................................................... 353 13.5.2 Direct Measurement of Absorbance .............................................................. 355 13.5.3 Total Organic Halides as a Part of Disinfection By-Products ................... 355
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 357 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... 358 References ................................................................................................................................... 359
The estimation of the organic contamination in water sample is a complex and delicate problem that involves several determination assays, because the organic matter is present under diverse chemical compounds and degradation states. The global organic matter balance cannot be obtained by considering a single method, but it must be done by comparing the results obtained by different methods [1]. An additional difficulty lies in the fact that, in general terms, no single parameter can be used to quantify the organic matter content.
